Exercises page 131

1)🌟 Define these concepts: power source, conductor, load device. Give an example of each.



Power source: a power source is a source of power. Most commonly the type of power referred to is:

• Power (physics), the rate of doing work; equivalent to an amount of energy consumed per unit time
• Electric power, the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit; usually produced by electric generators or batteries

Conductor: an object, substance or material allowing the flow of an electric charge.

Load device:  A unit load device (ULD) is a pallet or container used to load luggage, freight, and mail on wide-body aircraft and specific narrow-body aircraft.






2)🌟 List all the control and protection devices that you can think of and explain what they do.

One-way switch: Open or close the circuit when they are actuated.
Push switch: Open or close the circuit, but only while we keep them pressed.
Two-way switch: Open and close one or more circuits. They can also open some circuits and close others ones simultaneously.
Limit switch: Functions as a switch toggles between two positions when it is operate by a lever.
Fuse: Protect the components of electric circuits from power surges.


3)🌟 Which materials are used to make an electric wire (inside and out)?


 Wires are made of copper (inside) and of plastic casing (outside).


4)  We know that the circuit in the figure below is equivalent circuit of two identical resistor connected in series, that the cell is 9V and that the current flowing through the circuits is 0.3mA.

a) Calculate the value of the equivalent resistor.

R= V / I > 9/0.3 = 30Ω
b) Calculate the value of the resistors in the initial circuit.


c)  Draw the initial circuit.

💡⌁💡Electric Circuits💡⌁💡

This work has been done by Lucía and I in her technology blog:
http://technology2apl.blogspot.com.es/2017/06/

Leonardo Digitale

[Figure 1]

This weight lifting tool has a worm that engages many wheel spindles with its turns, for that reason it is very safe. In contrast, when the screw engages a single wheel tooth that withstands all the effort, if that tooth breaks, it could cause serious damage and prejudice.

[Figure 2]

a B C D E

I argue that if a flat surface weight is to move on another plane of solid surface, its movement will facilitate, whether they are interposed between them balls or if you use rollers. Between balls and rollers I see no other difference except that the balls have a universal movement, in all directions, while the rollers can move in only one direction.

However, if the balls or the rollers touch each other as they move, there is no doubt that the movement will be more difficult than if such contact does not exist, since their contacts are produced by opposing movements, as in the 5th of the sixth Is demonstrated and, consequently, such friction causes contrary movements.

But, if the balls or, if we mean, the rollers are kept at a certain distance between each other, there will be no more contact between weight and resistance than a single point, as shown in the penultimate of the second, and for that reason it is as if both planes were held at the ends of the line of support and, consequently , It will be easy to make such a move.

[Figure 1]
If the pinion is the one that moves the wheel, the spaces between the teeth of the pinion should be larger than those of the wheel. If the wheel is the one that moves the pinion, it would do the opposite.However, if both are well made, it is acceptable that they have equal spaces and teeth.

[Figure 2]
If you turn one of these wheels, the other, being united, will turn in the opposite direction

[Figure 3]
If you want a wheel to rotate in the same direction as the driving wheel, that wheel must have a third degree movement.

[Figure]
[Figure 4]
A b c d
Whichever direction you turn the wheel d, the wheels a b will rotate in it. And the wheel c will turn in the opposite direction. The same will happen when turning a and b. And if you turn the wheel c, all the others will turn the opposite.

[Figure]
[Figure 5]
If you put two wheels spinning one to the other with your teeth, if they are in contact from outside, the wheels will turn in the opposite direction. But if one of the wheels with its outer teeth turns the other through the inner part, the wheels will rotate in the same direction, either of the two drive wheels.

Classification of motion mechanisms

Crank and slider, Chain and sprocket systems and ratchatet ( By Lucía Horcajo)


http://technology2apl.blogspot.com.es/2017/04/mechanisms.html



Belt and pulley system, Screw and nut and Wedge ( By Andrea Caballero)



http://andreastechnologynotebook.blogspot.com.es/2017/05/mechanisms-workshits.html


Gears, Rack and pinnion and Ramp ( By Sara García)

Machines and mechanisms translations

• Linear motion- Mmovimiento lineal

• Rotatory motion- Movimiento rotatorio

•  Reciprocating motion- movimiento recíproco

• Oscilatig motion-  Movimiento oscilante 

• Motion transmission mechanisms- Mecanismos de transicion de movimiento

• Motion conversion mechanisms- Mecanismos de conversion de movimiento

• Crowbar- Palanca

 

• See-saw- Balancín

 

• Pliers- Alicates

 

• Scissors-Tijeras

 

• Oar- Remos
•  
• Nutcrackers- Cascanueces
•  
• Wheelbarrows- Carretillas
•  
• Paper punch- Perforadora de papel
•  
• Tweezers- Pinzas
•  
• Kitchen tongues- Lenguas de cocina
•  
• Staple removers- Quitagrapas
•  

Review

Page 92

1) Copy and complete the following table in your ntebook:

Types of structures:                                                              Examples:

• Mass                                                                           Walls, dams, etc.
• Frame                                                                         Structure of a building
• Truss                                                                           Cranes, electricity pyloms, etc.
• Suspended                                                                   Bridges, tents, marquees, etc.

2) Have you ever seen an structure that uses cables? Write down the names of the ones that you can remember or the ones that you can see and add a picture. 

Yes, the Madrid Cable Car.

3) When a person sits on a chair, the stress that the chair has to withstand is due to the way of the person whereas the strength is the chair´s ability withstand the load without braking. Indicate which is the strength and which is the stress in these two examples:
a) a wardrove hanging from a rope: the stress is the rope and the strength is the wardrove.
b) a twisting teephone cord: the stress is the phone cord and the strength is the phone.

Page 94


7) Which types of stress do the following elements and activities have to support: a rope with a weight hanging of it, a man pushing a cabinet, tightening a screw, cutting or fingernails.

1)Tension
2)Compresion
3)Compresion (but there is a twisting movement)
4) Shear


9) Write a short description of three objects using one of the following adjetives for each object: rigid, elastic and plastic. Explain how these properties allow the objects to fulfil their functions or make them suitable for their purpose.


 A wall is rigid because if you try to pull it or bend it, you can´t.
 An elastic band is elastic because when you strech  it, it deforms but it comes to its original place.
A water bottle is plastic because it is made of that material.


Page 95


11) Copy and complete the following table.


Object                                                                                            Properties

Brick                                                                                               Rigid
Slime                                                                                               Deformable
Elastic band                                                                                     Elastic
Water bottle                                                                                     Plastic 



12) Thk about the following objects and state whether they are rigid, plastic or elastic: balloon, empty drinks can, window frame, clay, catapult, door.

Rigid: window frame, catapult, door.
Plastic: empty drinks can.
Elastic: balloon, clay. 

Structures

These are two examples of structures:

Mass structures: These are solid, heavy and very sturdy structures. Examples include walls, dams, etc.

Suspended structures: These are held in place by cables and suspenders attached to sturdy supports. Examples include suspensión bridges, tents, marquees, etc.

Bishop

For this project we have first made an sketch, then a diagram with the different dimensions and the 3 views and he have made it in 3D with Tinkercad.
To pint it with the 3D printer we passed it to STL. and send it to our teacher.

Lucía Horcajo and María de Andrés

3D Keys

Comperhension Activities (page 66)

1) 🌟Explain what a website is and give three examples of one.

        A website is a series of webpages linked to each other that can be accesed from a common adresss.

• Wikispaces
• Popplet 
• Pixton

2) 🌟🌟 Define the following concepts: static webpage and dynamic webpage. Explain what languages each one uses.

A static webpage is a web page that is always the same and has no change
A dynamic web page isshows different results depending on what the user does.

3)🌟 What extensión is used by the files that make up a website?

   The extension used is HTML

4) 🌟🌟Using section 1 of the "Learn" section to help you, draw a diagram to explain how a website Works.


Local site administrator: The person who mantains the website and updates and transfers the content to the server.

Filter transfer programs (FTP): Programs that connect the local computer to the server that hosts the site. This is done when necessary to replace the set of files that make up a website (which are handled by webmasters on their local computers) with the ones hosted by the server.

Remote dite hosted on the server: This allows the webmaster´s page to be viewed by other users. It must be located on the Internet server, which is usually provided by private companies.

Users: To access a website, we use a browser (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, etc.), whuch connects each computer to the servers that host web pages, and downloads and displays the pages.
5) 🌟What publishing tolos does Web 2.0 have? What can we use them for?

Content creation platforms or content management systems: These can be use to creste entire websites that are easy to edit and configure. They allow collaborative work and communication. They tend to be free or low cost and they are open source.

Online and collaborative office automation: On the Interne, we can find office tools like word processors that can be used without installing them.

Wikis: Platforms that allow users to interact with each other. A wiki is a website for the discussion of different topics that can be edited by any Internet user. They include Wikipedia, which is popular all over the world.

Social networks: In social networks, each userhas a personal page where they can include their own content and communicate with other users on the same network.

Photo, audio and video hosting portals: These are websites where users can upload images, videos and audio files. Once uploaded, the files can be cataogued and organised to make searching easier.

6) 🌟 Explain how we can participate in the Internet with a wiki, an image hosting portal and a social netwok.

We could make a gallery and post photos about what you like.

7) 🌟 What is the Content management system? How is it useful for a user with no expert knowledge?

The Content Management System is a publishing tool used to generate web content. It is useful to someone with no expert knowledge because that person can publish things on the Internet easily.

8) 🌟 Which are the most popular content management systems?

The most popular content management systems are WordPress and Joomla.

9) 🌟 Summarise the content management systems that we have seen in this unit, describing the features of each.

WordPress: Although it can be used to develop any type of website, WordPress is mainly used to créate blogs. It is developed in PHP language, but it is free software and free of charge. Because of this and its ease of use, WordPress is now the most popular CMS.

Joomla: Like WordPress, this CMS is free software developed in PHP and free of charge. It is not as efficient as WordPress for creating blogs but it is very good for the design of digital magazines.

Drupal: This is developed in PHP by a community of developers. Like the others, it is free software and free of charge. It is highly recommended for websites that recibe lots of visits because it supports more traffic than WordPress. It is oriented to communities and allows the creation of multiple user porfiles with different permissions and accesses. It is vey secure.

Alfresco: In contrast to those above, this CMS is developed in Java. It is free software oriented to the business world.

10) 🌟🌟 Which HTML tags are essential in any web page?

To make an HTML web page is essential to write this basic structure:

<html>

<head>
<title>

</title>
<head>

<body>

</body>

</html>

Keywords

Browser: program that connects each computer to the servers that host the web pages.
Chrome, Firefox and Explorer are three browsers known through the world.

 Content Management System:  publishing tool to generate web content.
WordPress and Joomla are two of the most popular content managment systems.


Hosting: the process used by a webmaster to make a web page available to Internet users.

 File transfer programs (FTP) connect the local computer to the server that provides the hosting.

HTML: language used to create web pages.
 HTML is written with tags inside angle brackets.
 
Publishing Tool: tool that allows users to créate their own content and publish it on the internet without any technical design or programming knowledge.
Wikis are a publishing tool that allows any user to edit the contents.

Server: A computer that hosts web pages and makes them available to the whole network.
A server is a very secure computer.

Source Code: HTML coding of a web page.
The full workings of a page are written into its source code.

Web 2.0: Internet concept where the users are the ones who créate and participate using their own content, images band comments.
Web 2.0 is characterised by the participation of Internet users, who are no longer mere observers of online content.

Webmaster: The person responsible for mantaining a website.
A webmaster saves the files on a server.

Website: A series of webpages linked to each other that can be accesed from a common adresss.
Wikipedia is a very popular website.